• Redegøre for centrale teoridannelser indenfor det adfærdsøkonomiske/økonomisk-psykologiske felt
• Redegøre for, hvorledes disse teorier kan anvendes inden for et eller flere erhvervsøkonomiske områder.
• Lave en videnskabsteoretisk analyse af forskellige økonomisk-psykologiske teorier og sammenligne dem med tilsvarende klassiske økonomiske teorier.
• Påvise, hvorledes forskellige typer beslutningsproblemer kan analyseres fra et økonomisk-psykologisk perspektiv vs. et klassisk beslutningsperspektiv.

Kurset sigter mod at give de studerende en bred indsigt i de mange områder, hvor psykologien inddrages eksplicit i økonomisk teori for at give os mere robuste og adækvate økonomiske forklaringer og forudsigelser. Kurset tager sit primære afsæt i adfærdsøkonomisk forskning, som i kølvandet på Daniel Kahneman og Amos Tversky’s samarbejde har indtaget en stadigt mere central position i økonomisk teori og praksis. Den adfærdsøkonomiske forskning dækker blandt andet beslutningsrationalitet og -heuristikker, prospektteori, intertemporale valg, dual proces-teori, mm. Kurset vil introducere disse områder og gennemgå, hvordan adfærdsøkonomisk teori er blevet anvendt inden for en række erhvervsøkonomiske og organisatoriske områder som f.eks. corporate governance, virksomhedsstrategi, organisering og policy. Endelig vil kurset løbende perspektivere den adfærdsøkonomiske teori til de mere klassiske økonomiske teorier og til de underliggende økonomiske og videnskabsteoretiske antagelser.

Kurset består af en forelæsningsrække på 12 forelæsninger med 1-2 forelæsninger pr. uge, der introducerer det adfærdsøkonomiske fagområde og dets relevans for en række organisatoriske og erhvervsøkonomiske problemstillinger.

I uge 46 og 50 afholdes øvelsestimer, hvor der sættes fokus på udvalgte problemstillinger i fagets pensum. Her er formålet at give plads til spørgsmål og undringer fra de studerende, samt at angribe materialet fra andre vinkler og udfordre centrale hypoteser med afsæt i pensum.

1. Lektion - Introduktion til økonomisk psykologi

Jesper Christensen, Department of Strategic Management and Globalization, CBS

Litteratur

• Camerer, C. (1999), Behavioral Economics: Reunifying psychology and economics, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 96(19): 10575-10577.
• Bruni, L. & Sugden, R. (2007). The road not taken: how psychology was removed from economics, and how it might be brought back. The Economic Journal, 117 (516): 146-173.
• Conlisk, J. (1996). Why bounded rationality?Journal of Economic Literature, 34: 669-700.
• Kahneman, D. & A. Tversky. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decisions under risk. Econometrica, 47: 263-291.

2. Lektion - Hvad er økonomi, og hvad handler det om? En placering af mennesker og beslutninger i det brede teoretiske grundlag.

Stefan K. Sløk-Madsen, Department of Innovation and Organizational Economics, CBS

Litteratur

• Langlois, R. N. (1990). Bounded rationality and behavioralism: A clarification and critique. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 146: 691-695.
• Gul, F. & Pesendorfer, W. (2008). The case for mindless economics. The Foundations of Positive and Normative Economics: 3-42.
• Hayek, F. A. (Ed.). (1948). Individualism and economic order. University of Chicago Press. [side 6-13,Chapter 1].
• Boettke, P. J. (2012). Maximizing Behavior and Market Forces: Gordon Tullock. In: P. J. Boettke. Living Economics, Ch. 9. Oakland, CA: Independent Institute.

Foreslået baggrundslitteratur til orientering efter behov:

• Boettke, P. J. (2012). Living Economics, Ch. 1, 2, 4. Oakland, CA: Independent Institute.

Valgfri litteratur til inspiration:

• Boettke, P. J. (2012). Where Did Economics Go Wrong? Modern Economics as a Flight From Reality. In: P. J. Boettke.  Living Economics, Ch. 18. Oakland, CA: Independent Institute.

3. Lektion - Anvendt Økonomisk Teori og Perspektiver på Problemstillinger

Stefan K. Sløk-Madsen, Department of Innovation and Organizational Economics, CBS

Litteratur

• Eisenhardt, K.M. (1989). Agency theory: An assessment and review, Academy of Management Review, 14(1): 57-74.
• Williamson O. (1996). Economics and organization: A primer, California Management Review, 38 (2): 131-146.
• Camerer C.F. (1997). Progress in behavioral game theory, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 11 (4): 167-188.

Valgfri litteratur til inspiration:

• Boettke, P. J. (2012). Man as Machine. In: P. J. Boettke.  Living Economics, Ch. 19. Oakland, CA: Independent Institute.
• Niemietz, K. (2015). Anti-Gentrification Protests: The Economics of Coolness. Institute of Economic Affairs ( http:/​/​www.iea.org.uk/​blog/​anti-gentrification-protests-the-economics-of-coolness ).
• Demsetz, H. (1967). Toward a Theory of Property Rights. The American Economic Review, 57 (2): 347-359.

4. Lektion - Hvad er rationalitet, og hvordan ser forskellige skoler på rationalitet?

Jesper Christensen, Department of Strategic Management and Globalization, CBS

Litteratur

• Nightingale, P. (2003). If Nelson and Winter are Only Half Right About Tacit Knowledge, Which Half? Industrial and Corporate Change, 12(2): 149-183.
• Newell, A., Shaw, J. & Simon, H. A. (1958). Elements of a Theory of Human Problem Solving.Psychological Review, 65 (3): 151-166.
• Becker, G. S. (1993). The Economic Way of Looking at Behavior. Journal of Political Economy: 385-409.

Valgfri litteratur til inspiration:

• Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Tranel, D. & Damasio, A. R. (1997). Deciding Advantageously Before Knowing the Advantageous. Science, 275 (5304): 1293-1295.
• Damasio, A. R. (1994). Descartes' Error. New York: Avon Books.
• Tononi, G. & Edelman, G. (1998). Consciousness and Complexity. Science, 282 (5395): 1846-1851.
• Interview med Herbert Simon om tænkende maskiner (http:/​/​www.astralgia.com/​webportfolio/​omnimoment/​archives/​interviews/​simon/​index.html).

5. Lektion - Alternativer til adfærdsbaseret teori?

Jesper Christensen, Department of Strategic Management and Globalization, CBS

Litteratur

• Smith, V. L. (2003). Constructivist and Ecological Rationality in Economics. The American Economic Review, 93(3): 465-508. (ikke læse side 487-499 (fra E. experiments til IV. conclusions).)
• Kahneman, D. & Klein, G. (2009). Conditions for Intuitive Expertise: A Failure to Disagree. American Psychologist, 64 (6): 515-526.
• Leeson, P. T. (2012). Ordeals. The Journal of Law and Economics, 55 (3): 691-714.

Valgfri litteratur til inspiration:

• Todd, P. M. & Gigerenzer, G. (2007). Environments that make us smart: Ecological Rationality. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16 (3): 167-171.
• Dreyfus, H. L. & Dreyfus, S. E. (2005).  Peripheral Vision: Expertise in real World Contexts. Organization Studies, 26: 779-792.
• Stigler, G. J. & Becker, G. S. (1977). De gustibus non est disputandum. The American Economic Review, 67 (2): 76-90.
• Kahneman, D. (2003). Maps of bounded rationality: Psychology for behavioral economics. The American Economic Review, 93 (5): 1449-1475.

6. Lektion - Beslutningsmekanismer i et adfærdsøkonomiske perspektiv

Jesper Christensen, Department of Strategic Management and Globalization, CBS

Litteratur

• Evans, J. (2011). Dual-process theories of reasoning: Contemporary issues and developmental applications. Developmental Review, 31 (2): 86-102.
• De Martino, B., Kumaran, D., Seymour, B. & Dolan, R. J. (2006). Frames, biases, and rational decision-making in the human brain, Science, 313: 684-687.
• Berns, G. S., Laibson, D. & Loewenstein, G. (2007). Intertemporal choice – toward an integrative framework, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11 (11): 482-488.
• Kahneman, D., Knetsch, J.L. & R.H. Thaler. (1990). Experimental tests of the endowment effect and the Coase theorem. Journal of Political Economy, 98 (6): 1325-1348.
• Shafir, E. & R.H. Thaler. (2006). Invest now, drink later, spend never: On the mental accounting of delayed consumption. Journal of Economic Psychology, 27 (5): 694-712.
• Staw, B.M. (1981). The escalation of commitment to a course of action, The Academy of Management Review, 6 (4): 577-587.

Valgfri litteratur til inspiration:

Starmer, C. (2000), Developments in non-expected utility theory: The hunt for a descriptive theory of choice under risk, Journal of Economic Literature, 38(2): 332-382.

7. Lektion - Fra nyttemaksimering til reciprocitet: Hvordan retfærdighed påvirker vores beslutning.

Jesper Christensen, Department of Strategic Management and Globalization, CBS

Litteratur

• Sobel, J. (2005), Interdependent preferences and reciprocity, Journal of Economic Literature, 43: 392-436. (OBS: Sektion 3: “Models” læses kursorisk).
• Bénabou, R. & Tirole, J. (2009). Over My Dead Body: Bargaining and the Price of Dignity. The American Economic Review, 99 (2): 459-465. (OBS: Læs kun indledningen).

8. Lektion - Beslutninger og heuristikker i organisationer

Jesper Christensen, Department of Strategic Management and Globalization, CBS

Litteratur

• Loock, M. & Hinnen, G. (2015). Heuristics in organizations: A review and a research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 68(9): 2027-2036.
• Artinger, F., Petersen, M., Gigerenzer, G. & Weibler, J. (2015). Heuristics as adaptive decision strategies in management. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(S1): S33-S52.
• Bingham, C. B. & Eisenhardt, K. M. (2011). Rational heuristics: the ‘simple rules’ that strategists learn from process experience. Strategic Management Journal, 32(13): 1437-1464.
• Csaszar, F. A. & Eggers, J. P. (2013). Organizational decision making: An information aggregation view. Management Science, 59(10): 2257-2277.

9. Lektion - En adfærdsbaseret tilgang til strategi  

Jesper Christensen, Department of Strategic Management and Globalization, CBS

Litteratur

• Gavetti, G. (2012). Toward a Behavioral Theory of Strategy, Organization Science, 23 (1): 267-285.
• Greve, H. R. (2013). Microfoundations of management: Behavioral strategies and levels of rationality in organizational action. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 27 (2): 103-119.
• Powell, T. C. (2011). Neurostrategy. Strategic Management Journal, 32 (13): 1484-1499.

10. Lektion - Adfærdsøkonomisk governance og motivation

Aleksandra Gregoric, Department of International Economics and Management, CBS

Litteratur

• Pepper, A. & Gore, J. (2012). Behavioral Agency Theory: New Foundations for Theorizing about Executive Compensation, Journal of Management, 42 (4): 1045-1068. 
• Westphal, J. D. & Zajac, E. J. (2013). A Behavioral Theory of Corporate Governance: Explicating the Mechanisms of Socially Situated and Socially Constituted Agency, The Academy of Management Annals, 7 (1): 607-661.

Valgfri litteratur til inspiration:

• Tirole, J. (2006). Corporate Governance (Chapter 1). In: J. Tirole. The Theory of Corporate Finance: 15-75. Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
• Rebitzer, J. B. & Taylor, L. J. (2011). Extrinsic Rewards and Intrinsic Motives: Standard and Behavioral Approaches to Agency and Labor Markets. Handbook of Labor Ecoomics, 4: 702-722 (Chapter 8).

11. Lektion - Anvendt adfærdsøkonomi: Forecasting og nudging

Jesper Christensen, Department of Strategic Management and Globalization, CBS

Litteratur

• Shoemaker, P. J. H. & Tetlock, P. E. (2016). Superforecasting: How to upgrade your company’s judgment. Harvard Business Review, May: 72-78.
• Kahneman, D., Lovallo, D. & Sibony, O. (2011). Before you make that big decision. Harvard Business Review, 89 (6): 50-60.
• Marewski, J. N., Gaissmaier, W. & Gigerenzer, G. (2010). Good judgments do not require complex cognition. Cognitive Processing, 11 (2): 103-121.

12. Lektion - Adfærdsøkonomiske policy-implikationer i det private og offentlige

Stefan K. Sløk-Madsen, Department of Innovation and Organizational Economics, CBS

Litteratur

• Hansen, P. G. (2015). The definition of Nudge and Libertarian Paternalism. Does the hand fit the glove? The European Journal of Risk Regulation.1: 1-20.
• Rizzo, M. J. & Whitman, D. G. (2009). The Knowledge Problem of New Paternalism. BYU Law Review, 4: 905-968. (OBS: Læs kun indledningen).
• Rizzo, M. J. (2016). The Four Pillars of Behavioral Paternalism.In: Sherzod Abdukadirov (Ed.). Nudge Theory in Action: Behavioral Design in Policy and Markets. (OBS: Uploades på Learn). 

Valgfri litteratur til inspiration:

• Johnson, E. J., Shu, S. B., Dellaert, B. G., Fox, C., Goldstein, D. G., Häubl, G., Larrick, R. P., Payne, J. W., Peters, E., Schkade, D., Wansink, B. & Weber, E. U. (2012). Beyond nudges: Tools of a choice architecture. Marketing Letters, 23 (2): 487-504.
• Powell, T. C., Lovallo, D. & Fox, C. R. (2011). Behavioral Strategy. Strategic Management Journal, 32 (13): 1369-1386.Hansen, P.G. & A.M. Jespersen (2013). Nudge and the manipulation of choice, The European Journal of Risk Regulation, 4(1): 3-28
• Thaler, R.H. & C.R. Sunstein (2003), Libertarian paternalism, American Economic Review, 93(2): 175-179.
• Rizzo, M. J. & Whitman, D. G. (2009). Little brother is watching you: New paternalism on the slippery slopes. Arizona Law Review. 51: 685-739.
• Boettke, P. J. (2012). The Limits of Economic Expertise. In: P. J. Boettke.  Living Economics, Ch. 20. Oakland, CA: Independent Institute.
• Winter, J. (2015). Dark Patterns: The Sinister Side of UX. User Testing Blog ( https:/​/​www.usertesting.com/​blog/​2015/​10/​01/​dark-patterns-the-sinister-side-of-ux/​).