• • Recognize the climate and environmental impact of shipping and ports
• • Describe and critically discuss the concept of sustainability in the context of shipping and ports
• • Explain the importance of the regulatory and institutional framework in minimizing the climate and environmental impact of shipping and ports
• • Distinguish between command & control policy measures and market-based instruments
• • Identify and evaluate different technological and organizational solutions to specific sustainability challenges in shipping and ports • Identify and evaluate different technological and organizational solutions to specific sustainability challenges in shipping and ports

International shipping and ports are fundamental to the achievement of world sustainable development. However, the challenges to shipping and ports in providing safe, secure, energy efficient, environmentally and climate friendly services that, at the same time, promote connectivity and trade and enables economic growth are complex and tremendous. These challenges call for a multi-stakeholder approach involving shipping companies, port authorities/port development companies, regulators, financial institutions, research institutions, and other relevant partners. This course addresses the sustainability imperative for shipping and ports and the various solutions that are available to the different industry stakeholders. Indeed, the shipping and ports industries have started to respond to the growing environmental and social concerns of regulators, customers and the local communities in which they operate, while at the same time increasingly recognizing that sustainability may provide for new business opportunities and profitability.

The course will cover different themes related to sustainable shipping and ports, including:

• The concept of sustainability in shipping and ports
• Sustainability challenges (focus on decarbonization)
• The regulatory and institutional framework
• Command and control measures for decarbonization
• Market-based measures for decarbonization
• Alternative fuels
• Special focus on power-to-X and the hydrogen economy
• Ship recycling
• Shipping emissions in ports
• Circular economy in ports
• Innovation and business models for sustainable shipping
• Partnerships and governance issues

Each session will begin with a lecture introducing to the topic, explaining selected key concepts, and providing illustrations of key challenges, arguments and insights. Lectures will generally not go into detail with the contents of the week’s readings, as students are expected to have read these in advance. After the introductory lectures, there will be regular small-group case analysis, using contemporary real-life cases from the maritime press.

Andersson, K., Baldi, F., Brynolf, S., Lindgren, J. F., Granhag, L., and Svensson, E. (2016). Shipping and the Environment. In Andersson, K., Brynolf, S., Lindgren, J. F., and Wilewska-Bien, M. (eds.). Shipping and the Environment. Improving Environmental Performance in Marine Transportation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer (Chapter 1, pp. 3-29).

Bailey, D., and Solomon, G. (2004). Pollution prevention at ports: clearing the air. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 24(7-8): 749-774.

Benamara, H., Hoffmann, J., and Youssef, F. (2019). Maritime Transport: The Sustainability Imperative. In Psaraftis, H. N. (ed.), Sustainable Shipping. A Cross-Disciplinary View. Springer (chapter 1, pp. 1-31).

Bocken, N. M. P., Short, S. W., Rana, P., and Evans, S. (2014). A literature and practice review to develop sustainable business model archetypes. Journal of Cleaner Production, 65: 42-56.

Carpenter, A., Lozano, R., Sammalisto, K., and Astner, L. (2018). Securing a port's future through Circular Economy: experiences from the Port of Gävle in contributing to sustainability. Maritime Pollution Bulletin, 128: 539-547.

de Langen, P. and Sornn-Friese, H. (2018). Ports and the Circular Economy. In Bergqvist, R. and Monios, J. (eds.), Green Ports – Inland and Seaside Sustainable Transport Strategies. Amsterdam: Elsevier (chapter 5, pp. 85-108).

de Langen, P., Sornn-Friese, H., and Hallworth, J. (2020). The Role of Port Development Companies in Transitioning the Port Business Ecosystem: The Case of Port of Amsterdam’s Circular Activities. Sustainability, 12(11): 4397.

George, G., J. Howard-Grenville, A. Joshi, and L. Tihanyi (2016). Understanding and Tackling Societal Grand Challenges Through Management Research. Academy of Management Journal, 59(6): 1880-1895.

Gilbert, P., Walsh, C., Traut, M., Kesieme, U., Pazouki, K., and Murphy, A. (2018). Assessment of full life-cycle air emissions of alternative shipping fuels. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172: 855-866.

Kosmas, V. and Acciaro, M. (2017). Bunker levy schemes for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction in international shipping. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 57: 195-206.

Lam, J.S.L., and Notteboom, T. (2014). The greening of ports: A comparison of port management tools used by leading ports in Asia and Europe. Transport Reviews, 34(2): 169-189.

Lindstad, H. E., Eskelund, G. S., and Rialland, A. (2017). Batteries in Offshore Support Vessels – Pollution, Climate Impact and Economics. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 50: 409-417.

Linné, P. and Svensson, E. (2016). Regulating Pollution from Ships. In Andersson, K., Brynolf, S., Lindgren, J. F., and Wilewska-Bien, M. (eds.). Shipping and the Environment. Improving Environmental Performance in Marine Transportation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer (Chapter 3, pp. 75-121).

Mikelis, N. (2019). Ship Recycling. In Psaraftis, H. N. (ed.), Sustainable Shipping. A Cross-Disciplinary View. Springer (chapter 6, pp. 203-248).

Milios, L., Beqiri, B., Whalen, K. A., and Jelonek, S. H. (2019). Sailing towards a circular economy: Conditions for increased reuse and remanufacturing in the Scandinavian maritime sector. Journal of Cleaner Production, 225: 227-235.

Polakis, M., P. Zachariadis, and J. O. de Kat (2019). The Energy Design Index (EEDI). In Psaraftis, H. N. (ed.), Sustainable Shipping. A Cross-Disciplinary View. Springer (chapter 3, pp. 93-135).

Poulsen, R. T., Ponte, S., and Lister, J. (2016). Buyer-driven greening? Cargo-owners and environmental upgrading in maritime shipping. Geoforum, 68: 57-68.

Poulsen, R. T., Ponte, S., and Sornn-Friese, H. (2018). Environmental upgrading in global value chains: The potential and limitations of ports in the greening of maritime transport. Geoforum, 89: 83-95.

Psaraftis, H. N. (2012). Market-based measures for greenhouse gas emissions from ships: a review. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, 11(2): 211-232.

Psaraftis, H. N. (2019). Speed Optimization vs Speed Reduction: the Choice between Speed Limits and a Bunker Levy. Sustainability, 11(8): 2249.

Rehmatulla, N., Parker, S., Smith, T., and Stulgis, V. (2017). Wind technologies: Opportunities and barriers to a low carbon shipping industry. Marine Policy, 75: 217-226.

Sachs, J. D., Schmidt-Traub, G., Mazzucato, M., Messner, D., Nakicenovic, N., and Rockström, J. (2019). Six Transformations to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Nature Sustainability, 2(September): 805-814.

Seebode, D., Jeanrenaud, S., and Bessant, J. (2012). Managing Innovation for Sustainability. R&D Management, 42(3): 195-206.

Salo, K., Zetterdahl, M., Johnson, H., Svensson, E., Magnusson, M., Gabrielii, C., and Brynolf, S. (2016). Emissions to the Air. In Andersson, K., Brynolf, S., Lindgren, J. F., and Wilewska-Bien, M. (eds.). Shipping and the Environment. Improving Environmental Performance in Marine Transportation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer (Chapter 5, pp. 169-227).

Sornn-Friese, H., Nowinska, A., de Langen, P., and Poulsen, R. T. (2020). What drives ports around the world to adopt air emissions abatement measures? Transportation Research Part D. Transport and Environment,