• Use basic qualitative methods such as participant observations, interviews and document analysis to conduct fieldwork and examine research problems within organizational sociology and business administration
• Develop a transparent research design that selects and combines qualitative methods to study a concrete research problem, drawing on methodological theory to explain and critically evaluate these choices.
• Demonstrate an understanding of how qualitative methods shape knowledge production throughout the research process, and engage with theoretical debates on such issues.
• Analyze empirical data using sociological theories and analytical strategies from qualitative methodology, presented in coherent academic writing that demonstrates an independent analytical voice.

Qualitative methods are not only important in order to prepare you to write your bachelor project and eventually your master thesis. Qualitative methods are essential for understanding what knowledge is, how it comes about, and how it is used and misused by powerful institutions. Organizations rely on qualitatively produced knowledge to understand customers' needs, to develop future scenarios, and to understand and shape the environments in which they act. This course will teach you not only how to become a good researcher, but also how to work ethically with human perceptions of the world.

Generally speaking, when you want to know something about human beings, the university sorts researchers into two big piles – those who count and do math (quantitative researchers), and those who talk and care about meaning (qualitative researchers). This split, however, is a harmful fiction. There aren’t any “counting” methods that don’t make some sort of assessment of significance; and there are no meaning methods that don’t enumerate as part of their argument for validity. More to the point, there are no good questions you can ask about humans that wouldn’t require both counting and assertions of meaning.

So, if the quantitative/qualitative split is more a bureaucratic convenience than any sort of real comment on the operation of the human science, what are we left with? The very short answer is “specific objects of analysis.” That is to say, specific things that researchers assume exist out in the world and then allow them to do research. Sociologists tend to assume that there is some sort of thing like society out there in the world that they can know about. Similarly, anthropologists tend to act like there is something out there in the world like culture that they can know about. Each discipline has a sort of presupposition about the world, and then has developed methods that allow them to know about it.

This course will take culture and society as it’s starting points and introduce you to methods (interviewing methods, observational methods, library research) that allow you to answer questions about human culture and human society. In addition to these methods, this course will teach you about designing research, analyzing data, and reporting on what you have learned.

Each class session will be divided in half and will start with a lecture followed by a workshop on the same topic. The groups must plan their own fieldwork according to convenience and access to the field. However, two weeks during the semester will function as dedicated Fieldwork Focus Weeks without classes on campus. 

• Teacher’s own research
• Methodology

• Development of research questions
• Data collection
• Analysis
• Discussion, critical reflection, modelling
• Peer review including Peer-to-peer
• Students conduct independent research-like activities under supervision

The course shares exams with Theories of Modern Society.

Minor changes may occur to this course description until 30 June

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Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40.

Brinkmann, S., & Kvale, S. (2006). Confronting the ethics of qualitative research. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 18(2), 157–181.

Brinkmann, S., & Kvale, S. (2018). Doing interviews (2nd ed., selected chapters). SAGE.

Cunliffe, A. L. (2010). Retelling tales of the field: In search of organizational ethnography 20 years on. Organizational Research Methods, 13(2), 224–239.

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University of Toronto, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Ethics Board. (2005). Guidelines for ethical conduct in participant observation.